Does Medication Expire?
Most medications remain effective and safe well past their expiration dates, though potency gradually decreases. The printed date guarantees full potency, not a sudden safety cutoff. However, certain medications (insulin, nitroglycerin, liquid antibiotics, epinephrine) should never be used expired. When in doubt, replace critical medications.
Key Takeaways
- Expiration dates indicate the period during which the manufacturer guarantees full potency and safety.
- Hospital studies have found some medications effective for decades when properly stored.
- Expired medications should be disposed of properly, not flushed - many pharmacies offer drug take-back programs.
Explanation
Expiration dates indicate the period during which the manufacturer guarantees full potency and safety. A large study by the FDA found that 90% of over 100 medications tested were safe and effective 15 years past their expiration dates. Potency may decrease slightly over time, but most pills remain stable for years.
Certain medications should always be replaced when expired. Insulin degrades and becomes unpredictable. Nitroglycerin (for heart conditions) is unstable. Liquid antibiotics (especially after reconstitution) can grow bacteria. EpiPens may not deliver a reliable dose. These are too critical to risk reduced effectiveness.
Proper storage extends medication life. Keep medications in cool, dry places (not bathroom medicine cabinets, which are hot and humid). Original containers with desiccant packets help. Liquid medications and anything that has changed in color, smell, or consistency should be discarded.
Things to Know
- Hospital studies have found some medications effective for decades when properly stored.
- Expired medications should be disposed of properly, not flushed - many pharmacies offer drug take-back programs.
- Some medications (like aspirin) smell like vinegar when they break down.